What is a kidney stone?
A kidney stone is a hard, crystalline mineral material formed within the kidney or urinary tract. Kidney stones are a common cause of blood in the urine and often severe pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. Kidney stones are sometimes called renal calculi.Who is at risk for kidney stones?
Anyone may develop a kidney stone, but people with certain diseases and conditions or those who are taking certain medications are more susceptible to their development. It is estimated that one out of every 10 people in the U.S. will develop stones in the urinary tract at some point in their lives. Most urinary stones develop in people 20-49 years of age, and those who are prone to multiple attacks of kidney stones usually develop their first stones during the second or third decade of life.In residents of industrialized countries, kidney stones are more common than stones in the bladder. The opposite is true for residents of developing areas of the world, where bladder stones are the most common. This difference is believed to be related to dietary factors. Urinary tract stones are about three times more common in males than in females. The prevalence of kidney stones begins to rise when men reach their 40s, and it continues to climb into their 70s. A Caucasian male has a one in eight chance of developing a kidney stone by age 70. People who have already had more than one kidney stone are prone to developing further stones.
A family history of kidney stones is also a risk factor for developing kidney stones. Kidney stones are more common in Asians than in Native Americans, Africans, or African Americans.
The kidneys produce the urine that dissolves
wastes and excretes them through the urinary tract. Kidney stones form
when the urine becomes so saturated with a certain mineral that no more
of it can dissolve into the urine (like trying to dissolve too much
sugar in your iced tea). The un-dissolved portion of the mineral forms
crystals that then clump together and grow into hard stones. Kidney
stones usually develop in the kidneys; however they can form anywhere in
the urinary tract.
When kidney stones are
quite tiny, they may pass unnoticed with the urine. Often however, they
grow too large to pass easily through the urinary tract, and some stones
develop rough or sharp edges. When these stones pass through the
urinary tract, it can be quite painful. In some cases, kidney stones
cannot pass on their own, and treatment with specialized medical
equipment or surgery may be necessary.
For most people, kidney stones
are like dandelions in the lawn; they can be eliminated, but they'll be
back another year. Therefore, a major part of the treatment for this
condition is aimed at preventing recurrences. There are various types of
kidney stones. Because treatment for each differs, it is important for
the physician to determine the stone's mineral content and to identify
any medical conditions that may have contributed to stone formation so
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